Psychoanalysis of a Family’s Entertainment Patterns

Question: Depict about the Corporate Governance and Ethics for Mining of Minerals. Answer: Foundation Of The Company BHP Billiton is an Australian organization related with mining of minerals, metals and oil. As per the market estimations of 2015, it is the universes biggest organization identified with mining and the fourth biggest organization in Australia concerning income. Preceding this report, BHP Billiton was Australias biggest organization as far as the income created by it. The organization was consolidated in the year 2001 as the consequence of a merger between Anglo-Dutch Billiton and Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited. The piece of the organization, which is enlisted in Australia, is basically recorded on Australian Securities Exchange. The worldwide base camp of BHP Billiton and its Australian enlisted office is arranged in Melbourne, Australia. During the companys progress from the year 2001 the organization has effectively positioned offered and obtained authority over a considerable lot of its opponent organizations, for example, petro sell vitality, WMC Resources an d Rio Tinto Group (Acharya et al. 2013). BHP Billiton works in more than 25 nations around the globe in the market of mining, gas creation, handling and even creation of oil. The organization has more than 41,000 workers on its rundown as on March 2016. The organization had recorded 250 million barrels of oil, 230 measurement tones of ironore, 1.7 Million tons of copper and 40 metric huge amounts of coal (Market Realist 2016). BHP Billiton has a social strategy of giving 1% of its three years normal benefit in programs dependent on network improvement. The organization has additionally made US$ 100 million gift to beneficent substances. It is one of the 90 organizations, which has been approved to concentrate and market petroleum derivative on the planet (BHP Billiton, 2016). Models For The Review With the end goal of the audit of dull execution of BHP Billiton Limited in the ongoing occasions, corporate administration standards and proposals gave by the ASX Corporate Governance Council are utilized. These core values give eight rules for better administration of an association (Council and Exchange 2014). The principal rule is related with establishing a strong framework for the executives and keeping reconnaissance over its exercises. It is the obligation of the association to unveil the obligations and job of individuals from the administration panel (Hermalin and Weisbach 2012). The subsequent rule gives us that the leading body of the organization must be viable and its piece regarding size and obligation of appropriately playing out its obligations must be sufficient. As indicated by the third rule, the dynamic done by the organization ought to be moral and sane. The fourth rule for better corporate administration gives that, the detailing of the companys budgetary issue must be finished by the organization with care and the organization ought to include a structure inside it to confirm and ensure the honesty of such reports. The fifth core value gives that it is the ethical commitment of the organization to uncover in a reasonable and opportune way, material issues identified wi th the organization. As indicated by the 6th rule, it is the ethical commitment of the organization to ensure the enthusiasm of the investors and offer help for the best possible execution of their privileges. The seventh rule of the code gives that the organization ought to make a powerful framework to identify and stop dangers, the board issues and with the end goal of interior control. The last rule of the code gives that it is the legitimate and moral obligation of the organization to pay appropriate and only compensation to the representatives as for the exertion given by them towards the organization (Council, 2014). The core values give by The Global Network of Director Institute towards great administration can likewise be considered to survey the exhibition of BHP Billiton restricted . These rules give about great administration regard to hierarchical culture, obligations, autonomy of executives, divulgence of practices, designation models, initiative, and hazard, relationship with the executives, correspondence, development and compensation. Both these codes gave by The Global Network of Director Institute and ASX Corporate Governance Council are essential to the achievement and development of any associations. The helpless administration of BHP Billiton Limited, which is majorly affecting its development, can be surveyed and broke down through examination with these standards and rules. The correlation and use of these standards to that of the helpless administration of BHP Billiton Limited will give a superior image of what is turning out badly in the organization and how it very well may be changed (ArAs 2016). Basic Review Of The Organization As of late BHP Billiton Limited has been in news because of the low number of creation concerning iron mineral. The creation of iron metal by the organization has allegedly fallen 6% year over year. The creation of copper by the organization likewise fell 6% alongside oil based good, which recorded a 15% year over year decrease underway (Bocken et al. 2013). As indicated by the creation report distributed by BHP Billiton, constrained the CEO of the organization Andrew Mackenzie said that the decrease underway is was expected to unbalancing of the market and the creation will improve throughout the following 18 months. He included that the cost of copper and iron have been more fixed than they had accepted and they will keep on satisfying the need of the items through their creation. As indicated by the CEOs and the companys official site, everything is going easily for the organization. Actually, the future for the organization is grim and low creation and lower benefits are reflecting it. BHP Billiton Limited has endured lost $6.30 billion until June in the money related year 2016 when contrasted with the benefit of 1.81 billion the organization had made a year prior. Nature in the short term is relied upon to remain hard for the organization in the coming years. The development of the organization is accepted to stay low for the remainder of the year too. The choice of recording the organizations costly resources in the earlier year additionally hammed the advancement of the organization. BHP Billiton had likewise cautioned the investors that the partitioned approach received by the organization will undoubtedly change because of the helpless state of the companys progress. When contrasted with the 124 pennies partitioned per share given by the organization in the earlier year the organization has this time reported just 30 penny for each offer profits for the investors. The absolute obligation upon the organization has additionally expanded 7% when contrasted with the earlier year and has ascended to $26.1 billion (Drexler,Black and Sparks 2015). These frustrating outcomes by the organization propose that there are numerous inward issues inside the organization, which are pounding its development (Wintoki, Linck and Netter 2012). The executives of the organization are not acting capably towards the administration of the drawn out accomplishment of the organization and are being unequipped for tending to the requirements for the companys appropriate development. The constitution of BHP Billiton Limited accommodates the freedom of executives while taking choices. Be that as it may, the choices taken by the chiefs of BHP Billiton Limited isn't looking persuading and its appears as though they are altogether taking incorrectly choices which are influencing the development and progress of the organization. As indicated by the standards and rules talked about over, the advancement of the organization must be accomplished if the chiefs of the organization take free right choices without impact for some other source (Joseph, Ocasio a nd McDonnell 2014). The prima faice perspective on the reports gave by the organization through its official site proposes that the organization has all territories identified with policymaking and quality of the supervisory crew secured. Nonetheless, an in dept examination of the arrangement of the administration council of BHP Billiton Limited gives the view that the administration of the organization isn't talented and competent enough to help the development of the organization in conditions which are not in favor . The corporate administration rules give that the organization should have a successful supervisory crew and the structure of the board ought to be satisfactory to deal with the undertakings of the organization effectively and viably (Nini, Smith and Sufi 2012). The designation technique for the top managerial staff of an organization needs to clear and straightforward to dispense with the presence of any exploitative demonstration as for selections. On paper the designation and arrangement of executive strategies of BHP Billiton Limited is clear and straightforward. In any case, by and by, such standards are once in a while followed by the organization and the aftereffect of such unscrupulous acts are considering the advancement and development of the organization. These standards not just assistance to help the development of business yet additionally keep up a feeling of straightforwardness in the organization, which makes the investors, and speculators have a sense of safety (McCahery, Sautner and Starks 2016). The choices taken by the executives of the organization ought to be founded on exact data and economic situations; they ought to approach suitable and real data about the market and ought to be sufficiently talented to comprehend its conditions. The choices taken by the chiefs of BHP Billiton constrained isn't ending up being sufficient and advocated enough to improve the current circumstance in the organization. The mining market is hitting a new depressed spot each week and the chiefs of BHP Billiton Limited are not having the option to adapt of to the issue state of the market. This powerlessness to fix the issue is by the executives is in the long run thinking about the terrible showing of the organization (Tricker 2015). The board ought to know about when to face challenge and when to play safe. The given economic situation of the mining and oil showcase doesn't take into account chance, the market is so unc

Explain Why Treasure Island Is So Highly Regarded Essay

Fortune Island is composed utilizing a first individual story, which has its own focal points and burdens. One of the points of interest comprise of having the option to encounter how the character describing feels, for this situation we get the opportunity to gain proficiency with a great deal about Jim Hawkins and how he feels all through the novel since he is the storyteller of the novel. Notwithstanding, when Jim chooses stow away in one of the pontoons heading for the shore R.L. Stevenson is confronted with an issue in that he can't tell the peruser what's going on ready the Hispaniola. Stevenson finds a route around this issue by trading the storyteller to Doctor Livesey. This appears to sift through the issue for some time however on the off chance that the peruser was perusing the novel at a quick pace, at that point he probably won't read the part headings and realize that the storyteller has changed and in this manner get mistook for what’s occurring in the story and where the characters are. I believe that R.L. Stevenson realized that this issue would happen some place in the novel and foreseen it, he may have even arranged it. In any case, he despite everything decided to utilize the principal individual account, in spite of the fact that it isn't generally the least demanding story to follow as â€Å"I† and â€Å"we† are utilized which frequently makes it difficult to recognize who â€Å"I† and â€Å"we† are, and who the discourse is being aimed at. Nonetheless, I trust Stevenson picked this story as it makes it simpler to tell the peruser and comprehend the sentiments of the character that is portraying the novel whenever in the novel. R.L. Stevenson depicts the island very well all through the novel by utilizing the entirety of the faculties of an individual: Sight †â€Å"The appearance of the island when I went ahead deck next morning was through and through changed.† Sound †â€Å"and the entire boat squeaking and groaning,† Taste †â€Å"like somebody tasting a terrible egg.† Smell †â€Å"a smell of drenched leaves and spoiling tree trunks.† Contact †â€Å"The Hispaniola was moving scuppers under in the sea swell.† The citation I decided for sight was one of the numerous I could have utilized as section three of Treasure Island has numerous references to sight and what things look like. Despite the fact that there isn't close to the same number of R.L. Stevenson despite everything tries portraying the sounds that are a piece of the island and pontoon, similar to the squeaking of the vessel, and the sounds that the winged animals make. Part thirteen contains just one reference to taste and that is as a comparison. The impact this has is that the vast majority know or can at any rate think about what a rotten one has an aftertaste like which gives the peruser a smart thought of how terrible the island smelt. The part additionally has just one reference to smell which can likewise give the peruser a smart thought of how he island smelt, giving them a serious away from of the island in their mind’s eye. Clarifying how development and how something feels is a troublesome assignment to accomplish when composing a novel, anyway I feel that R.L. Stevenson figures out how to achieve this very well. Portraying how the vessel was moving tenderly in the water, how the temperature was exceptionally hot and depicting how Jim needed to hang on the grounds that he felt just as everything was turning around him. Some portion of the pressure of Treasure Island is developed toward the finish of section one when Dr. Livesey tells Squire Trelawney that he is anxious about the possibility that that the Squire will mention to somebody what the journey is about and that there is treasure included, â€Å"‘There’s just one man I’m apprehensive of.’ 'Also, who’s that?’ cried the assistant. 'Name the pooch, sir!’ 'You,’ answered the specialist; 'for you can't hold your tongue.'† The inclination this provides for the peruser is one of conniving and an absence of dedication between companions which may make the peruser become to some degree tense as there is a piece of them that realizes what will occur however they are not totally sure what or when it will occur. What's more, when Jim and the specialist get a letter from the assistant it uncovers the doctor’s fears as the letter he gets from the assistant says that the assistant told each man, lady and kid that he met, and that he had employed a man with one leg. At this news, the peruser may again feel pressure in them, as they don't have the foggiest idea what the individuals the assistant told will do or if the man with one leg is a similar individual that Billy Bones was so terrified of. Actually, I imagine that there are five reasons that this novel is so broadly known and read; Firstly the book advances to individuals everything being equal, it has something that interests to everybody that can peruse. Besides, R.L. Stevenson’s decision of story, it tells the peruser precisely how the character describing feels, causing you to feel like separated of the novel. Thirdly, The manner by which R.L. Stevenson decided to depict the island and everything encompassing it, nearly making the Island a character. Fourthly, the measure of pressure that is developed all through the novel is tremendous; a few perusers may discover the book hard to put down as a result of the strain as they believe they have to recognize what will occur straightaway. Finally, R.L. Stevenson concocted thoughts regarding the setting, story, and account issues for Treasure Island himself, rather than doing what a great deal of authors may do which is to take thoughts from others, adjust them a piece, and afterward make them look like their own. Because of this Treasure Island is unusual and exuberant, yet it is as simple to follow as a nursery book. I saw Treasure Island as a serious charming book despite the fact that I don't for the most part read experience books.

Cuban Missile Crisis Essay -- essays research papers

A Geopolitical View on the Cuban Missile Crisis      Over the course of the twentieth century, the United States has settled on some vital choices concerning international strategy. At the point when the President of the United States looks to his counsels and policymakers to choose what strategy to take, he should gauge the entirety of the various factors. One of the most significant factors that impact international strategy dynamic is the geopolitical view. A geopolitical variable considers a nation's topography and physical territory and how that identifies with certain remote policymaking choices. In the mid 1960's, President Kennedy's choice to establish a maritime barricade around Cuba was painstakingly made with full information on the geopolitical factors. All through the Cuban Missile Crisis, the geopolitical factors extraordinarily impacted President Kennedy's choice to organize the maritime bar which in the end finished the Crisis.      The Cold War was one of the most troublesome occasions for remote policymakers in the United States. In September of 1962, the Soviet Union started conveying medium-go atomic rockets to Cuba. The key arrangement of the Nikita Khrushchev was to have Soviet atomic rocket locales ninety miles off the bank of the United States to fill in as military risk. At the point when a United States U-2 covert agent plane brought back photos of these rocket locales in Cuba on October 15, 1962, U.S. military pioneers acted immediately....

Intro to Victomology Development of Crime and its History - 550 Words

Intro to Victomology: Development of Crime and its History (Essay Sample) Content: Introduction to victimologyNameInstitutionalAbstractThe interaction between a victim and the perpetrator is in other words referred to as victimology. A victim is an individual who has been directly or indirectly affected by a given situation while a perpetrator is an individual who has committed wrong. The function of law enforcement agencies is to identify reasons behind the victim being offered through the use of victimology study and theories.Development of crime and its historyAccording to reports by the federal burial of investigation in the late 1970s and early 80s after the end of civil rights movements, the awareness of victims increased. This started with the formation of behavior science units by the FBI whose purpose was to identify the relationship between victims, offenders as well as group dynamics within a given society. In coordination with BSU, other independent organizations worked in support of the victims and that were used in studying different s cenes of crime that occurred (Trew et al., 2008). These grouped collaborated closely with BSU in studying and analyzing the relationship between perpetrators and victims and are still used up to date in the study of victimology.Differences between victimology, sociology, and criminologyWhile Victimology is the study of the relationship between victims and offenders, criminology is the study of crime, reasons behind crime occurrences as well as its consequences (Karmen, 2012). Criminology study such things as crime location, its frequencies, causes, and crimes types, social, governmental and personal relations to the offense. On the other hand, sociology is the science of criminology.The history of rape crisis centersThe rape crisis movement was started in the United States by the African American women against sexism and racism during the era of slavery between 1865 and 1877. The movement operated under the connections of Sojourner Truth during her womens rights speech conference i n Silver Lake. The primary rape crisis centers were established in the main towns that were politically active and such as Chicago in 1972 (Vierthaler, 2008). The centers acted as the reporting centers where women shared their rape experiences thus breaking the existing silence.Contributions of Civil Rights movement to antidiscriminationThe idea of discrimination is common especially in liberal democracies, and the major victims are the persons involved in making such claims. According to civil rights, the antidiscrimination laws select certain categories that require legal protection and identify spheres in which discrimination is protected as well as establish government agencies that help in enforcing the laws against discrimination (Doak, 2008).Crime victim compensationThe government has been in the forefront in compensation of crime victims. Some of the victims included in the governmental compensation program include; rape victims, homicide, and assault and burglary victims. The compensation program covers the cost of counseling, burial expenses, support, dental and medical expenses. However, the crime compensation program does not offer compensation to anybody convicted of an offense ...

The Obesity Rate In America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1666 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Sports Essay Level High school Topics: Obesity Essay Obesity in America Essay Soccer Essay Did you like this example? The obesity rate in America is at an all time high, and it is not stopping any time soon. Obesity not only affects adults but children as well. The Center For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines obesity as Weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height. (citation needed) Soccer not only improves physical health but also mental health., working out at least once a day makes a person feel very accomplished and productive leading to less stress, and happier thoughts. Staying active is very important and beneficial to a persons life. and Something must be done to help combat this epidemic, that is why I want to create soccer practices for children to stay healthy, learn, and do drills to improve their overall skill level. The game of soccer has been around for centuries and has been played around the world for that same time. Soccer is very physically demanding sport, you must be able to run at high speeds for short periods of time in random bursts. However soccer is not only a physical sport but a mental game as well,players must be quick thinking and always alert in stressful situations. On average a soccer player will run up to 7 miles per game (Daily news), that is a lot to ask from a players body. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Obesity Rate In America" essay for you Create order Unlike other sports soccer is played on a field which is 110-120 yards long and 70-80 yards wide, which is a lot of space to cover over a 90 minute period. Soccer players have to be at top health and sharp thinkers to be the best they can. Soccer is not only affected by someones physical abilities, but also their mental health soccer clubs regularly have therapists come in and meet with players after tough losses or when players sustain a serious injury. This shows the importance mental health has on a soccer players performance, having a positive attitude and happy thoughts is very important to a player doing good. The great ronaldinho once said I learned about life with a ball at my feet, this quote just shows that soccer is not only a physical sport but also a sport that shapes you as a person. Playing sports is good for high schools kids because, when you have practice for the sport it gives you a little break to forget what is going on around you and gives you the opportunity to have some personal time and practice your skills. Staying fit not only affects your physical side of your life but also your other side, with regular exercise it was found that you will sleep better, be more productive, and keep your brain sharp(huffington Post). Also doing soccer drills not only improves your soccer skill but also your fitness and builds your stamina, so that during games you re able to run more and perform the skills you have been practicing. Soccer drills can be very complex and makes you think fast on your feet, for example long ball drills involve the player sending the soccer ball across the field which requires focus and patience. Obesity in America is an epidemic that does not look like it is going to stop any time soon, one main way to combat this epidemic is creating more opportunities for children or young children to get active and stay fit. Creating soccer practices for young kids is one way to keep kids healthy and fit, not only staying fit but also a break from studying and school to give their brain a break with some soccer. Combating obesity should be a priority on our agenda, The obesity rate in the United States is higher than it ever has been. Creating opportunities for teenagers like myself to exercise and perfect a craft is a good way to help combat the rising obesity rate in America. The obesity rate amongst adults in the United States is 39.8% which is 93.3 million people(CDC) and is rapidly growing. Playing sports has many other benefits besides the physical aspect of it. Brain function, personality, and inner body is affected with exercise and playing a sport like soccer. Lowering the obesity rate is important to our countrys and citizens wellbeing. The Newport Academy published a report that teens that participate in school sports grade 8-12 have less stress and better mental health as young adults. Science proves that being physically active improves brain function and stress level. After conducting more research the answer was becoming more and more obvious, staying active or playing a sport combats obesity. Creating more opportunities for teens to exercise should be a priority if we want to combat obesity fully. Many studies show that exercising can help deal with depression and anxiety, it can be meditation or a bike ride down a mountain. Obesity and mental health are somewhat related, people who are not in good shape tend to have insecurities and doubts about themselves. Exercising and living a healthy lifestyle leads to better mental health. Mental health is a serious issue and should not be handled lightly, therefore creating opportunities to combat this is very important. Playing sports relieves stress and helps improves physical condition. Exercise has many benefits, not only for your physical health but also your mental health. In your brain, exercise stimulates chemicals that improve your mood and the parts of the brain responsible for memory and learning. The more a person exercises, the more benefits come with it. Exercising helps reduce the risks of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and many more, exercising also helps with recovery from mental illnesses. When going through mental illnesses people resort to many different outlets to help with recovery, one way is through exercising. When exercising blood is pumped through the brain which helps with clearing your mind and making you think properly and clearly. However soccer not only improves mental health but also brain function and health. Soccer combats decline in brain function with age and improves memory and brain abilities. Soccer is a aerobic sport which requires a lot of sprinting and fast breathing, soccer is one of the only sports that requires that much running. The average soccer player runs 7 miles in a game, which is one of the highest from the rest of the sports. Running is a cardiovascular exercise, a cardiovascular exercise is when the athletes heart rate increases while exercising. When you do cardiovascular exercise regularly, it decreases your blood pressure and your resting heart rate. This means your heart doesnt have to work as hard all of the time. Cardio increases blood flow and decreases chance of stroke, also improves memory and thinking ability. Playing soccer improves overall body function and mental ability, however soccer also increases muscle,brain function, clears skin, and improves blood sugar control. People that have diabetes are told to exercise regularly because sports have been proven to help with blood sugar levels and also the control of diabetes. Sports medicine is gaining popularity as a viable treatment option as supposed to traditional medicine such as diabetes pills, blood pressure pills, joint pains, etc. Soccer and sports in general can help with common diseases such as diabetes or blood pressure issues. Sports are not only good for the body, but the personality as well. Many different studies have been done on this topic and shows that sports teach important life skills as well. Organized sports teach teenagers to respect elders and others around them at a young age, and teaches them how to deal with many different types of people. More importantly it teaches us how to lose. Keeping your cool during a loss is a hard thing to do, and sports gives you that opportunity to learn. Not everyone knows how to deal with losing or failure in general but going through it at a young age better prepares someone to deal with is in the future. Physical activity has been shown to stimulate chemicals in the brain that cause happiness (health direct). There is a direct correlation between exercising and good mental health, that is why sports in high school are so important. High school students stress level is at a all time high right now, and creating more opportunities for students to relieve their stress levels in a good environment. Organized sports can shape a teenagers life for the better due to the discipline and respect involved. When on a sports team you have to talk to a lot of different types of people and deal with many different personalities, which improves social skills. Playing on a team creates bonds and new friendships with people expanding your social outlook. Organized sports also teaches leadership abilities, playing on a sports team teaches you how to handle conflicts between teammates and showing up on time and prepared for training. Practicing sports helps with improving your skill and gaining knowledge about the sport of choice. Being good at a sport comes with commitment and hard work, The average professional soccer player practices 5 days a week (according to Quora). Being good at anything comes with practice, soccer is a very hard sport to be good at however it is very possible with hard work. Soccer has many components to it there is finishing, heading, slide tackles, dribbling, and passing. There are thousands of soccer drills that can help improve any aspect of your game. A player can set up cones and dribble through them with a ball to improve close dribbling, or a player can do outside the box shooting and practice finishing and shooting. Soccer is a very mental orientated sport, it takes quick thinking and peak physical performance to make a good soccer player. Malcolm Gladwell once said the key to success in any field was a matter of practicing a specific task for a total of 10,000 hours, no one can just be born with skills and good physical appearance you have to put in effort to reach that level.

Essay on A Hero of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley - 945 Words

Every story revolves around a hero. Heroes make an impact on everyday life, positive and negative, so it is common for writers to revolve their stories around them. One of the several hero archetypes used in novels is the tragic hero. A tragic hero is a person of noble stature, whose fatal flaw leads them to abuse the free will they once controlled. This moment of choice leads to a punishment which far exceeds anything deserving. The fall is not pure loss; the hero gains self knowledge through an increase in awareness, but the consequences are far reaching. Mary Shelly is an example of one of the many authors who create literature around a tragic hero. Shelley’s novel Frankenstein is filled with many intricate characters, but only†¦show more content†¦Galvanism, which was a new theory during the time period Frankenstein was written, was the main science behind his creation. â€Å"[Victor] worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body†¦ [He] had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but now that [he] had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled [his] heart† (Shelley 35). Victor’s dreams were greater than nature would allow them to be. He was too caught up in his selfish fantasy to realize what he was doing; he came to his senses too late. This creation sends Victor into what seems like an endless downfall. He tries to abandon his creation, but deep down, knows it will never truly go away. Victor’s â€Å"monster† was incredibly hideous. Whenever he was spotted by anyone, they would become instantly petrified and judge him, either running away or beating him. Unfortunately, this has always been the average reaction for someone when they see someone who’s different, monstrous, ugly, or anyone/anything unknown to them. This forced him to live in isolation. Forced to live off the land with nothing to his being, he endured the worst conditions and treatment. The monster despised Victor for creating him only to endure a life of unhappiness and loneliness, so he took revenge. Bit by bit, the monster brought devastation to Victor’sShow MoreRelatedMary Shelley s Frankenstein - Romantic Ideology Of A Byronic Hero1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthose authors was Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly. Her novel Frankenstein, which was published in 1818, incorporates different characteristics of Romanticism in many aspects but more directly through the characters. With an analysis of Victor Frankenstein, the monster, and Henry Clerval, it is clear that the characters of Frankenstein epitomize ideologies that were embodied during the Romantic Era including the Byronic hero, and emphasis on nature’s significance. Victor Frankenstein s character is anRead MoreVictor Frankenstein: Epic Hero Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pagesoriginated. The historic book Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley describes a man who creates a creature out of dead body parts of humans. Although this monster was meant for good purposes, it eventually leads to destruction including multiple murders. However, Victor Frankenstein can actually be determined as a hero by the ways in which he fits within the interpretation of an epic hero. Gregory Nagy describes these traits when he writes: â€Å"The words ‘epic’ and ‘hero’ both defy generalizationRead MoreThe Modern Prometheus Essays1585 Words   |  7 PagesPrometheus Did Mary Shelley initially title her work about Victor Frankenstein and his creation The Modern Prometheus solely because of the glaring similarities between their stories? That is a question that is often discussed, but a conclusion rarely arrives. One of the possible reasons for this could be because there are many different interpretations of the Promethean myth, which are mainly based on the ambiguous nature of the story. The parallels between the Promethean myth and Frankenstein are obviousRead MoreEssay about Romanticism in Frankenstein1010 Words   |  5 Pages19th century, author Mary Shelley was greatly influenced by the intellectual movement of Romanticism. Since she was closely associated with many of the great minds of the Romantic Movement such as her husband Percy B. Shelley and Lord Byron, it is natural that her works would reflect the Romantic trends. Many label Shelley ¡Ã‚ ¯s most famous novel Frankenstein as the first Science Fiction novel in history because its plot contains the process of a scientist named Victor Frankenstein creating a livingRead MoreFrankenstein Novel Analysis Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesMyrjun Angeles Ms. Ammendolia EWC4UI 10/13/17 Frankenstein Novel Analysis Frankenstein is partly an epistolary novel. In what way do the letters at the beginning of the text help frame the story that follows? The series of letters at the beginning of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley are from Robert Walton, and were sent to his sister, Margaret Saville. In each letter, Walton tells his sister of updates while he’s on one of many sea trips and to coincide with that, readers of the novel get a glimpseRead MoreThe Romantic Era Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1343 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous romantic era authors but one of the most creative authors of that time was Mary Shelley. Mary Shelley created a timeless work of art when she penned Frankenstein. Frankenstein was not written from a purely entertaining point of view; Mary Shelley embedded her personal opinions and considerations of the romantic period throughout the text. Although Frankenstein emphasized many aspects of Romanticism, Mary Shelley divulged her romanticized opinions on the value of emotional connections in lifeRead MoreRomanticism In Frankenstein Essay740 Words   |  3 Pages Mariah McCoy Dr.Bardot His-102 16 June 2017 Historical Relevance Within Frankenstein Imagine a world without Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution,and Romanticism. Mary Shelley uses these topics in her novel to expose the effects that each of these had on society. Frankenstein is a novel that was published in the early 1800’s and tells a story about a man by the name of Victor Frankenstein. Technology and critical thinking skills plays a huge role in the novel and real life.By analyzingRead MoreThe Historical Events Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1595 Words   |  7 Pagesroaring 1920s, and Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird influenced by the racial inequalities prevalent in America. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein can be added to this list as well. Frankenstein was influenced by the search for knowledge, loss of innocence, and romantic heroes both in history and literature of the Romantic period of 1798 through 1832; these same topics that influenced Shelley and other Romantic writers, influence the contemporary society and liter ature. In late 1700s, the beginning ofRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1138 Words   |  5 PagesIs Frankenstein a man, whose ambition led to a disaster; or a monster, which created a life with disregard for the human race? Frankenstein, in my opinion, was the monster not the life that he had created. Frankenstein never admitted to his family what he had done, never admitted responsibility for his actions. He might as well have killed Elizabeth, William, Justine, and Clerval with his own hand. The so called â€Å"Monster† only wanted companionship; he did not want to murder those people. TheRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus912 Words   |  4 Pagesrefer to Mary Shelley s masterpiece Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus as a starting point to drive the question: what it means to be human. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus suggests the possibility of reconstructing a broader approach towards scientific discovery by portraying the dangers of blindly pursuing scientific knowledge done so by the modern Prometheus that is Victor Frankenstein. Thomas Vargish in Technology and Impotence in Mary Shelley s Frankenstein states

Justifications in Paradise Lost Essay Example For Students

Justifications in Paradise Lost Essay The opening of Paradise Lost features the author stating his intent, his reason for creating. John Milton seeks to â€Å"justify the ways of God to men. † The very notion is a huge undertaking, but is that Milton’s only reason for his grand retelling of Satan’s exile from heaven, it is possible that Paradise Lost is in some passages, autobiographical in nature? Paradise Lost may also serve in allegorical form as Milton’s confession of hubris, via his portrayal of Satan as an epic anti-hero and possible avatar of Milton himself. John Milton had planned Paradise Lost for a long time, even before the advent of Cromwell’s Commonweath, but how much is autobiographical and who does Satan, the epic anti-hero represent over the 12 volumes? Milton’s characterization of God, poses other questions, Milton may be drawing parallels with himself and Oliver Cromwell in his depiction of God as aloof and detached. Perhaps it is as simple as the allegory for losing the possible paradise that Cromwell’s commonwealth could have delivered, but ultimately failed, coupled with the loss of his vision. Chapter One Commonwealth Lost Milton, a formidable critic of the state, launched many impassioned speeches against King Charles I prior and during the English Civil war. A fortnight after Charles’s beheading, Milton produced a pamphlet, The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, in which Milton advocated the taking of the Kings Head and deconstructed the notion of ‘The Divine Right of Kings’. He asks that the populace trust their government, but not be afraid to question its decisions. He asserts that Tyrants should be overthrown for the good of the people, rather than advocating Charles’s execution itself. He defended the right for the government to carry out the act, rather than the act itself. Milton’s case was not that Charles I was guilty as charged, but that Parliament had the right to prosecute him. 1 Milton laid out in the pamphlet a vision, his vision, for this new era for England; he defends the act of beheading and lays out groundwork for the future. In some interpretations, he describes his own interpretation of a ‘paradise’ state. And surely they that shall boast, as we doe, to be a free Nation, and not have in themselves the power to remove, or to abolish any governour supreme, or subordinat, with the government it self upon urgent causes, may please thir fancy with a ridiculous and painted freedom, fit to cozn babies; but are indeed under tyranny and servitude; as wanting that power, which is the root and source of all liberty, to dispose and Å“conomize in the Land which God hath givn them, as Maisters of Family in thir own house and free inheritance. Without which natural and essential power of a free Nation, though bearing high thir heads, they can in due esteem be thought no better than slaves and vassals born, in the tenure and occupation of another inheriting Lord. Whose government, though not illegal, or intolerable, hangs over them as a Lordly scourge, not as a free government; and therfore to be abrogated. How much more justly then may they fling off tyranny, or tyrants; who being once deposd can be no more the privat men, as subject to the reach of Justice and arraignment as any other transgressors. It is then something of an irony that Milton became one of the foremost critics of Cromwell’s Commonwealth. The new regime could be just as intolerant of free speech or any form of dissent as the previous. In November 1644, prior to the Kings execution in 1649, Milton published Areopagitica; A speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England. It is a powerful defence of free speech, while also demonstrating that Milton may have perceived that his ‘Paradise’ is already on its way to being ‘Lost’. For books are not absolutely dead things, but do preserve as in a vial the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intellect that bred them. I know they are as lively, and as vigorously productive, as those fabulous Dragons teeth; and being sown up and down, may chance to spring up armed men. Yet on the other hand unless wariness be used, as good almost kill a Man as kill a good Book; who kills a Man kills a reasonable creature, Gods Image; but he who destroys a good Book, kills reason itself, kills the Image of God, as it were in the eye. Many a man lives a burden to the Earth; but a good Book is the precious life-blood of a master-spirit, embalmed and treasured up on purpose to a life beyond life. Milton believed that writing, the construction of a book was as an extension of the author himself, and as Man was created by God, a book is a manifestation of the divine. By censoring a book, you are, by proxy, censoring God. Cromwell’s government had set up a board of censorship, requiring all printed works to be approved before publication, The Licensing Order of 1643. Milton was not a complete libertarian, but was appalled by the very notion of censorship, resulting in a 24-line poem entitled on the new forcers of Conscience under the Long Parliament that ends with the damming line â€Å"New Presbyter is but Old Priest writ Large. † In 1660, the Restoration bought the return of the Monarchy, Charles II, at the invitation of Government, resumed the throne. The Commonwealth, Milton’s somewhat tarnished ‘Paradise’ of state had ended, a grand experiment lost. One of the restored King’s first acts was to execute or imprison those who had contributed to his father’s beheading. Milton, blind and without government position was imprisoned. His incarceration and blindness caused his contemporises to debate as to whether his misfortunes were a punishment from God due to his criticism of the state, both before and after the war, or as the consequence of his undying devotion to the divine. In both instances, his peers concluded that God, either through wrath or benignity had caused his eyesight to fade. Milton’s fellow poet and contemporary, Andrew Marvell was also a politician, serving with Milton under Cromwell, who did succeed in his efforts to free Milton from prison, but even that boon was indicative of what could be considered Milton’s fall from grace. He was part of those who â€Å"reigned† in a heaven that eventually devolved into a personal hell, not just for Milton but those who felt that Cromwell was simply another variation on tyranny, King in all but name. He has arrogated to himself despotic authority and the actual sovereignty of these realms under the mask of humility and the public service. Obedience and submission were never so manifest in England as at present, their spirits are so crushed.. yet they dare not rebel and only murmur under their breath, though all live in hope of the fulfilment one day of the prophecies foretelling a change of rule ere long. 4 The portrayal of God in Paradise Lost, is something of a kingly figure, a moral monarch, yet a detached one, removed from the basic needs of the populace, a deity who focuses on the big picture, rather than minutia. In the wake of Cromwell’s death, Milton wrote nothing of the man he supported and served in Government. An oddity, as Milton considered Cromwell a friend and the best hope for England despite his criticism. The possibility exits that, rather than write about Cromwell in name; Milton transposed Cromwell’s facets into Paradise Lost and amalgamated them into the portrayal of God. In this way, Milton not only consolidates his faith in the divine even with its flaws of detachment and rigidity to its creations, but also his faith, in his friend, Cromwell. God’s absence from the main thrust of the action in Paradise Lost, serves as allegory for Cromwell, who fought for the people, created a metaphoric Eden on the streets, before ascending to power, isolated from the needs of a people who no longer had direct access as Cromwell symbolically picks up the keys to Heaven. Milton sets out to â€Å"justify the ways of God to men,† but it is plausible he is also justifying the ways of Government, Tyrant Kings and would be Kings to the people, every flaw, and virtue embodied in the biblical pantheon. Chapter two: Gattaca EssayAnd what I should be, all but less than he Whom thunder hath made greater? Here at least We shall be free; th Almighty hath not built Here for his envy, will not drive us hence: Here we may reign secure; and, in my choice, To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell: Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven . 8 Milton’s Satan is an accomplished liar, who manipulates and abuses language itself to further his own needs, The Tempter as Milton refers to him is a gifted orator who advocates in the famous line, that being free in Hell, is superior to being chained in Heaven. This is despite the fact that, the angels have lost their home, their positions and in being denied God, their light. Satan actively advocates that his fallen flock should ‘hail horrors’ as virtue as they are now seen as ‘fiends’. Despite his words of manipulative comfort, Satan can never forget the Paradise he lost, which to Satan is a reality that endures, for Milton the Paradise of the Commonwealth did not endure, yet its possibilities linger in Milton’s memory. Once the realities of living in Hell are fully realised to Satan he feels no comfort, and confronts his own impossible desires to return to Heaven. Satan’s desire for vengeance, even an impossible one, reveals some of Milton’s own thought process towards The Royal Bloodline. At first, Satan believed that God sat upon his throne via ‘old repute and custom’ (639-640). After his failed rebellion, he discovers that God Merely hid his strength and Satan has deceived himself. Milton is reluctantly confessing to pride through Satan’s realisation, his own and Cromwell’s. Satan at this point represents an amalgamation of Milton and Cromwell in a similar fashion to God and the Son. Milton uses Satan, not just as a physical shape shifter, but also as a twisted reflection of the ideologies of the Angelic characters, combined with their real world counterparts. Satan, ironically is literally Devil’s advocate. The fourth book of Paradise Lost reveals the heart of Satan, encapsulating both he and Milton’s view on free will, harking back to Areopagitica. The lines, sixty-six through to eighty, argue against predestination. Milton, via Satan’s voice, great orator, and wordsmith combined, accepts the consequences of his own actions. Author and character share a moment of clarity, while giving meaning to each other. The duality of Milton, speaking through his character, not only to himself, his character and to his audience is evident here. Through the imagery evoked during the soliloquy, the argument for free will is debated and given life by Milton’s use of enjambment and end-stopped lines. The cadence gives the reader a sense of frantic energy, but also a sense of intense melancholy. Enjambment suggests that the individual aspects of the debate are designed as a form of seclusion, while stimulatingly elevating Satan’s grudges against God. Satan begins with a question; â€Å"Hadst thou the free will and power to stand? † The question, once again contains a duality, perhaps a trinity. The question is not just from Milton, but also to Milton, and to Satan doubting himself; thirdly, the question is aimed at the reader. The design of using end-stops in the formation of the question renders it absolute, even if the answer is not. The question is a solid object, the answer, individual to the reader, who focuses solely on the question itself. This allows the topic of free will, and Satan’s doubt over having it, a major component of Book four. Naturally, the eloquent Satan answers his own question in the following line, where â€Å"Thou Hadst: whom hast thou then or what to accuse, But Heav’n’s free love dealt equally to all? † (67-68) It is interesting to note, that Milton begins this answer, with a spondee, stretching the syllables just as Satan stretches for his answer, ironically in the form of another question. Satan, for all his cunning, is bewildered, and the use of enjambment, spondees and end-stops emphasis this within a powerful character moment. Eventually, Milton allows Satan to answer the question in full. Be then his Love accurst, since love or hate, To me alike, it deals eternal woe. 9 The end of the enjambment signals not just the answer, but also Satan’s realisation that while he reigns in Hell, it is still a hell. Milton’s use of enjambment here is another example of duality; it emphasizes the notion that God’s love and the love of God can be regarded as a curse. Conclusion: Paradise Lost is an inordinately complex feat of work, incorporating classical myths, overt biblical allusions, epic yet flawed heroes and for all its density, remains hugely accessible. Milton hid his own personal history and that of his country in a time of upheaval. It stands as a remarkable piece of epic poetry that rivals the Greco-Roman canon, social history as well as a confessional satire. Milton in the pages of Paradise Lost has split himself into three, a poet’s trinity. Milton creates; he is the God of his writing and all the character he deems to inhabit, he is also the ‘word’, for in the naming of things, he creates. Finally, he is ‘The Son’ as in the writing of Paradise Lost, in all its multiple interpretations and hidden confessions, he seeks to unify and heal. The choice of Satan as his main device to confess is an intriguing one. It suggests that, while Milton is the God of his world, he may well be Satan in the physical world and seeks redemption, vengeance, and acceptance. This suggests that Milton and the entirely of humankind are infinitely complex, much like God, but in tandem, unable to understand themselves completely, nor the actions of God. In Book Seven of Paradise Lost, he admits to only having a mortals ability to comprehend the world and the actions of God. Standing on Earth, not rapt above the Pole, More safe I Sing with mortal voice, unchangd To hoarce or mute, though falln on evil dayes, On evil dayes though falln, and evil tongues;10 It is not an admission of failure, but rather a declaration of misunderstanding and of not being able to fully understand, not just God but the evil of the worlds and to paraphrase, of good men who do nothing, mute, silent on evil days. Yet, he is safe with his mortal voice. Milton’s exists in elements of all the characters spotlighted, but Satan stands as his prominent avatar, his main mode of confession. The similarities in deed and character are too numerous to discount. Milton, through the avatar of Satan is warning the reader of several issues that, arguably he faced himself. Despite the religious fervour, he appears to show in his nightly dictation from the holy muse, he warns against fanatical devotion to a cause and asks the reader to engage in critical thinking, without losing sight of their faith. He advocates free will, alongside the acceptance and the malleability of your actions. Satan may have fallen, but in similar fashion to Milton, he exploited his new situation, moulding it to his needs. Milton also emphasises, that free will, still exists, even after you have dealt with the consequences of your actions. In Satan’s case, he chooses vengeance, alongside acceptance. Milton chooses acceptance, but also a form of vengeance in the construction of Paradise Lost. Despite the fall, Satan is still Satan, and Milton is still Milton, flaws and all, defiant to the last verse. Bibliography: Entire text of Paradise Lost online at: https://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_1/text.shtml Entire text of Areopagitica Online at: https://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/areopagitica/text.shtml Hawkes, David, John Milton: A Hero of Our Time. (London and New York: Counterpoint Press, 2009). Hill, Christopher. Milton and the English Revolution. (London: Faber, 1977). Milton, John,  Ed. Don Wolfe Complete Prose Works of John Milton.  Vol III. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962) Wilson, A. N. The Life of John Milton. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983). Rosenfeld, Nancy. The Human Satan in Seventeenth-Century English Literature: From Milton to Rochester. (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008). Corns, Thomas N, John Milton: the Prose Works. (Twayne: New York, 1998)